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166 lines
7.9 KiB
166 lines
7.9 KiB
3 years ago
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>渲染目标</title>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@threejs">
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Three.js – 渲染目标">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://threejs.org/files/share.png">
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/files/favicon_white.ico" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/files/favicon.ico" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/manual/resources/lesson.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/manual/resources/lang.css">
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<!-- Import maps polyfill -->
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<!-- Remove this when import maps will be widely supported -->
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<script async src="https://unpkg.com/es-module-shims@1.3.6/dist/es-module-shims.js"></script>
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<script type="importmap">
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{
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"imports": {
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"three": "../../build/three.module.js"
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}
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}
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</script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/manual/zh/lang.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="lesson-title">
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<h1>渲染目标</h1>
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</div>
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<div class="lesson">
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<div class="lesson-main">
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<p>在three.js中，渲染目标大体上指的是可以被渲染的纹理。当它被渲染之后，你可以像使用其他纹理一样使用它。</p>
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<p>让我们举个简单的例子。我们将从<a href="responsive.html">the article on responsiveness</a>开始。</p>
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<p>渲染到渲染目标基本上跟通常的渲染一样。首先我们创建一个 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/renderers/WebGLRenderTarget"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">WebGLRenderTarget</code></a>。</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no">const rtWidth = 512;
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const rtHeight = 512;
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const renderTarget = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(rtWidth, rtHeight);
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</pre>
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<p>然后我们需要一个 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/cameras/Camera"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">Camera</code></a> 和一个 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/scenes/Scene"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">Scene</code></a></p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no">const rtFov = 75;
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const rtAspect = rtWidth / rtHeight;
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const rtNear = 0.1;
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const rtFar = 5;
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const rtCamera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(rtFov, rtAspect, rtNear, rtFar);
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rtCamera.position.z = 2;
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const rtScene = new THREE.Scene();
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rtScene.background = new THREE.Color('red');
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</pre>
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<p>注意我们设置长宽比(aspect)是相对渲染目标而言的，不是画布(canvas)。
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正确的长宽比取决于我们要渲染的对象。在本例，我们要将渲染目标的纹理用在方块的一个面，基于方块的面我们设置长宽比为1.0。</p>
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<p>我们将需要的东西添加到场景中。在本例我们使用灯光和三个方块<a href="responsive.html">from the previous article</a>。</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no">{
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const color = 0xFFFFFF;
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const intensity = 1;
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const light = new THREE.DirectionalLight(color, intensity);
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light.position.set(-1, 2, 4);
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* rtScene.add(light);
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}
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const boxWidth = 1;
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const boxHeight = 1;
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const boxDepth = 1;
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const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(boxWidth, boxHeight, boxDepth);
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function makeInstance(geometry, color, x) {
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const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color});
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const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
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* rtScene.add(cube);
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cube.position.x = x;
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return cube;
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}
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*const rtCubes = [
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makeInstance(geometry, 0x44aa88, 0),
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makeInstance(geometry, 0x8844aa, -2),
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makeInstance(geometry, 0xaa8844, 2),
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];
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</pre>
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<p>在上个例子中的 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/scenes/Scene"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">Scene</code></a> 和 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/cameras/Camera"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">Camera</code></a> 保持不变，我们将在画布中继续使用它们，只需要添加渲染的物体。</p>
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<p>让我们添加使用了渲染目标纹理的方块。</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no">const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
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map: renderTarget.texture,
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});
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const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
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scene.add(cube);
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</pre>
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<p>现在在渲染的时候，我们首先将渲染目标的场景(rtScene)，渲染到渲染目标(注：这里有点绕，需要结合代码理解)。</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no">function render(time) {
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time *= 0.001;
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...
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// rotate all the cubes in the render target scene
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rtCubes.forEach((cube, ndx) => {
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const speed = 1 + ndx * .1;
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const rot = time * speed;
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cube.rotation.x = rot;
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cube.rotation.y = rot;
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});
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// draw render target scene to render target
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renderer.setRenderTarget(renderTarget);
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renderer.render(rtScene, rtCamera);
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renderer.setRenderTarget(null);
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</pre>
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<p>然后我们在画布中，渲染使用了渲染目标纹理的方块的场景。</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no"> // rotate the cube in the scene
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cube.rotation.x = time;
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cube.rotation.y = time * 1.1;
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// render the scene to the canvas
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renderer.render(scene, camera);
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</pre>
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<p>就是这样啦</p>
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<p></p><div translate="no" class="threejs_example_container notranslate">
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<div><iframe class="threejs_example notranslate" translate="no" style=" " src="/manual/examples/resources/editor.html?url=/manual/examples/render-target.html"></iframe></div>
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<a class="threejs_center" href="/manual/examples/render-target.html" target="_blank">点击此处在新标签页中打开</a>
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</div>
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<p></p>
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<p>方块是红色的，这是因为我们设置了 <code class="notranslate" translate="no">rtScene</code> 的 <code class="notranslate" translate="no">background</code> 为红色，所以渲染目标的纹理所处的背景为红色。</p>
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<p>渲染目标可以用在各种各样的物体上。<a href="shadows.html">Shadows</a>用了渲染目标，<a href="picking.html">Picking can use a render target</a>，多种效果<a href="post-processing.html">post processing effects</a>需要用到渲染目标。
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渲染汽车的后视镜，或者3D场景中的监控实时画面，都可能用到渲染目标。</p>
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<p>关于 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/renderers/WebGLRenderTarget"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">WebGLRenderTarget</code></a> 的笔记。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><p>默认情况下 <a href="/docs/#api/zh/renderers/WebGLRenderTarget"><code class="notranslate" translate="no">WebGLRenderTarget</code></a> 会创建两个纹理。 颜色纹理和深度/模版纹理。如果你不需要深度或者模版纹理，你可以通过可选设置取消创建。例如：</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate lang-js" translate="no"> const rt = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(width, height, {
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depthBuffer: false,
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stencilBuffer: false,
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});
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li><p>你可能需要改变渲染目标的尺寸</p>
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<p>在上面的例子，我们创建了固定尺寸512X512的渲染目标。对于像后处理，你通常需要创建跟画布一样尺寸的渲染目标。在我们的代码中意味着，当我们改变画布的尺寸，会同时更新渲染目标尺寸，和渲染目标中正在使用的摄像机。例如：</p>
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<pre class="prettyprint showlinemods notranslate notranslate" translate="no">function render(time) {
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time *= 0.001;
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if (resizeRendererToDisplaySize(renderer)) {
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const canvas = renderer.domElement;
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camera.aspect = canvas.clientWidth / canvas.clientHeight;
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camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
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+ renderTarget.setSize(canvas.width, canvas.height);
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+ rtCamera.aspect = camera.aspect;
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+ rtCamera.updateProjectionMatrix();
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}
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</pre></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<script src="/manual/resources/prettify.js"></script>
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<script src="/manual/resources/lesson.js"></script>
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</body></html>
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